Beyond Negativity: Exploring the Core Elements and Emerging Trends in Constructive Journalism

Abstract

This systematic review analyzes 71 publications on constructive journalism elements, examining six core components: solutions, future orientation, inclusiveness, empowerment, context, and co-creation. The review reveals a general consensus on element definitions, while highlighting variations in operationalization and application across research contexts. Emerging elements, such as visual reporting and cultural-specific components, are identified as expanding the constructive journalism framework. The analysis demonstrates the significant impact of these elements on audience responses, news content, and journalistic practices. However, challenges including inconsistent operationalization, lack of longitudinal studies, and implementation difficulties in certain news contexts are noted. The study proposes a novel classification of elements into principle-based and practice-based categories, offering a new perspective on their interrelationships and roles in guiding journalistic work. Additionally, it examines how these elements are shaped by and navigate within competing ideological forces in contemporary media production. This comprehensive synthesis advances the theoretical understanding of constructive journalism, identifies research gaps, and provides valuable insights for both scholars and practitioners in enhancing the positive impact of news media on society.