Social Network Analysis on the Discourse of Independence in West Papua during Indonesian Elections

Abstract

This study investigates the digital political discourse on the Free Papua movement by analyzing narrative patterns, social network structures, and the role of key actors on social media platforms. Drawing on Social Network Analysis and sentiment analysis of 50,000 tweets from 2019, the research identifies three ideological clusters: Pro-Papua Merdeka, Pro-NKRI, and Neutral. The findings reveal high modularity in 2019, indicating growing fragmentation and polarization. Pro-Papua Merdeka narratives emphasize emotional and identity-based themes, whereas Pro-NKRI emphasizes themes of nationalism and state sovereignty. Neutral actors serve as bridges by disseminating factual content. The application of Connective Action Theory shows that both camps mobilize support through personalized storytelling and decentralized engagement. However, echo chambers hinder interaction across groups. The study emphasizes that platform-specific dynamics shape discourse differently, with Twitter intensifying polarization, Facebook facilitating discussion, and Instagram enabling broader yet less intense engagement. Recommendations include strengthening the role of neutral actors, addressing socio-economic grievances, and amplifying local voices to support inclusive and constructive dialogue.