Do social media platforms contribute to cultural integration? A case study on international students

Abstract

This article analyses whether social media platforms contribute positively to cultural integration and, if so, identifies the methods and features through which they achieve this. In the theoretical section of the Study, the Social Penetration Theory is explored to utilize its predictions. According to one of the core predictions of this Theory, individuals are initially reluctant to disclose personal information and keep relational closeness limited up to a certain threshold. However, as relationships deepen, the extent of self-disclosure increases. To analyze this prediction, I employed a case study approach within the research. I conducted in-depth and open-ended question interviews with international students in Turkey's higher education phase, asking about the effects of the social media platforms they have used during their social adaptation process since arriving in the country. Through the responses obtained, I performed a descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that social media participation and integration experiences among international students in Turkish higher education are similar and that social media platforms tend to have more negative than positive effects during the adaptation process. Significant challenges for integration include language learning, communication with peers, and dealing with discriminatory/hostile expressions. Conversely, the facilities their universities provide, official integration activities, and the advanced culture of solidarity in their physical and social environments offer significant benefits. Therefore, it is recommended that social media platforms develop inclusive, favorable policies for minority or ethnically/culturally diverse groups.